「穆斯林」的涵义

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爱默思

怎样的人算是出类拔萃?你觉得出类拔萃的人有什么条件?

跟一个朋友聊天引导我思想这题目。他说:他知识不多、胆量又少;虽然有一份安稳的工作,但工资不高,也很难有再好的发展,他一生只能在这份工作上留下去,不会成为出类拔萃的人。

新闻(6.5.2009):澳大利亚向全世界发出招聘大堡礁哈密尔顿岛“护岛人”,有3.5万人应征。这份工作被称为 “世界上最好的工作”,保护岛屿的半年期间共得15万澳元,住在面对海景的别墅,职责是每天在白沙碧海间巡视,并通过博客、图片和视频向世人报告其探奇历程,还能带上一位亲友共度这美好的时光,最后一位英国人得到职位。

在社会的眼光下,这位英国人算是出类拔萃的人,从3.5万竞争对手中脱颖而出,获得这份渡假般的工作。

社会的标准:外在的成就(学历、工资、… )

这是主的标准 吗?若是的话,对我们很多人来说是坏消息,因为毕竟出类拔萃的人是很少,大部份人都是平庸地过一生。主看人很宝贵,因此主必定有另外的标准,好让我们每个人都有机会成为出类拔萃的人,这与我们今天查考的主题–穆斯林,有密切关系。不然的话,主或许是不公平,因为有些人的才华没有发挥出来是因为没有条件、机会等。

「穆斯林」是什么意思?

「穆斯林」– 顺服真主旨意 (Bowing to Allah’s Will) 的人(3:64)。 <古兰经> 经常提及顺服真主与顺服使者(的教导)是分不开的﹗(5:111)

5:111 当时,我启示众门徒说:「你们当信仰我和我的使者。」他们说:「我们已信仰了,求你作证我们是归顺的人。」

5:111 “And behold! I inspired the disciples to have faith in Me and Mine Messenger: they said, ‘We have faith, and do thou bear witness that we bow to Allah as Muslims‘”.

穆斯林的使命﹗

22:78 你们应当为真主而真实地奋斗。他拣选你们,关于宗教的事,他未曾以任何烦难为你们的义务,你们应当遵循你们的祖先易卜拉欣的宗教,以前真主称你们为穆斯林,在这部经典里他也称你们为穆斯林,以便使者为你们作证,而你们为世人作证。你们当谨守拜功,完纳天课,信托真主;他是你们的主宰,主宰真好!助者真好!

22:78 And strive in His cause as ye ought to strive, (with sincerity and under discipline). He has chosen you, and has imposed no difficulties on you in religion; it is the cult of your father Abraham. It is He Who has named you Muslims, both before and in this (Revelation); that the Messenger may be a witness for you, and ye be witnesses for mankind! So establish regular Prayer, give regular Charity, and hold fast to Allah! He is your Protector – the Best to protect and the Best to help!

真主称呼真正有信仰的人为「穆斯林」。穆斯林的使命为世人作见证﹗怎样见证?亲身体验﹗法庭上作供的证人必须是他们亲身经历过,才能作供,绝不能道听途说。同样,穆斯林与真主保持关系 – 信仰主、祷告、纳天课(为人付出)。

穆斯林的见证:有着生命的改变﹗例子:埃及的法术师(7:113 – 126)

 7:125 他们说:「我们确要返于我们的主。

7:126你无非是责备我们信仰了我们的主所降示的迹象。我们的主啊!求你把坚忍倾注在我们心中,求你在我们顺服的情状下使我们死去。」

7:125 They said: “For us, We are but sent back unto our Lord:

7:126 “But thou dost wreak thy vengeance on us simply because we believed in the Signs of our Lord when they reached us! Our Lord! pour out on us patience and constancy, and take our souls unto thee as Muslims (who bow to thy will)!

悔改是生命(方向)的改变:寻求利益->为信仰付上生命代价(殉道者);他们祈求坚忍面对苦难、对永生有着肯定态度。

穆斯林 拥有讨主喜悦的内在(生命)素质

16:89 我要在每个民族中,推举他们族中的一个见证,来反证他们,在那日,我要推举你来反证这等人。我曾降示这部经典,阐明万事,并作归顺者的向导、恩惠和喜讯。

16:90 真主的确命人公平、行善、施济亲戚,并禁人淫乱、作恶事、霸道;他劝戒你们,以便你们记取教诲。

16:89 One day We shall raise from all Peoples a witness against them, from amongst themselves: and We shall bring thee as a witness against these (thy people): and We have sent down to thee the Book explaining all things, a Guide, a Mercy, and Glad Tidings to Muslims.

16:90 Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.

穆斯林根据经典而生活,成为真主的见证人。真主的意愿(透过经典教导)是生命的素质,但往往也是人性不喜欢的﹗

33:35 顺服的男女、信道的男女、服从的男女、诚实的男女、坚忍的男女、恭敬的男女、好施的男女、斋戒的男女、保守贞操的男女、常念真主的男女,真主已为他们预备了赦宥和重大的报酬。

33:35 For Muslim men and women,- for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in Charity, for men and women who fast (and deny themselves), for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allah’s praise,- for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward.

1. 顺服被列于首位﹗当我们顺服真主的旨意时,才能有后面的素质。

2. 男女平等,都要追求成为穆斯林。

在主的眼中:真正的穆斯林才是出类拔萃的人﹗

可能他们在社会上成就、地位不高,但郄以生命的质素见证主的真实,让人看见真主的能力。[我以以往的工作经验响应我朋友的话题]

为什么真主看重内在的素质?若是以外在的东西(地位、财富等),岂不让人更容易看到主的祝福?

1. 物质东西是短暂的,只有个人的素质是永久的;

2. 没有公义的素质,甚至会为身边的人带来伤害。

Supplement

16:102 圣灵从你的主那里降示这部包含真理的经典,以便他使信道者坚定,并用作归信者的向导和喜讯。

16:102 Say, the Holy Spirit has brought the revelation from thy Lord in Truth, in order to strengthen those who believe, and as a Guide and Glad Tidings to Muslims.

28:52

在启示这真言之前,曾蒙我赏赐天经的人,是确信这真言的。

28:53 当有人对他们宣读这真言的时候,他们说:「我们确信这真言,它确是从我们的主降示的,在降示它之前,我们确是归顺的。」

28:52 Those to whom We sent the Book before this,- they do believe in this (revelation):

28:53 And when it is recited to them, they say: “We believe therein, for it is the Truth from our Lord: indeed we have been Muslims (bowing to Allah’s Will) from before this.

人最大的困难:

把焦点放错﹗因为没有找到信仰的中心,也就失去的生命的意义与方向,枉过一生,因此在生命中做成很多后悔﹗成为穆斯林跟我们的关系密切,也影响着我们的永生。

穆斯林是得救的唯一方法﹗

51:31 他说:「诸位使者啊!你们有甚么差事呢?」

51:32 他们说:「我们确已奉派去惩治一群犯罪的民众,

51:33 我们将因毁灭他们而降下黏土变成的石头,

51:34 那是从你的主那里为过分者而发出的。」

51:35 我把城里所有的信士都救了出来,

51:36 我在城里只发现一家归顺者。

51:31 (Abraham) said: “And what, O ye Messengers, is your errand (now)?” 51:32 They said, “We have been sent to a people (deep) in sin; 51:33 “To bring on, on them, (a shower of) stones of clay (brimstone), 51:34 “Marked as from thy Lord for those who trespass beyond bounds.” 51:35 Then We evacuated those of the Believers who were there, 51:36 But We found not there any just (Muslim) persons except in one house:

信士 = 穆斯林;唯一得救的方法(逃过审判)。

有什么拦阻成为 “穆斯林”?

顺从 -> 仆人(奴仆)的概念

3:52 当尔撒确知众人不信道的时候,他说:「谁为真主而协助我?」众门徒说:「我们为真主而协助你,我们已确信真主,求你作证我们是归顺者。3:53 我们的主啊!我们已确信你所降示的经典,我们已顺从使者,求你使我们加入作证者的行列,」

3: 52   When Jesus found Unbelief on their part He said: “Who will be My helpers to (the work of) Allah?” Said the disciples: “We are Allah’s helpers: We believe in Allah, and do thou bear witness that we are Muslims. 3:53 “Our Lord! we believe in what Thou hast revealed, and we follow the Messenger; then write us down among those who bear witness.”

众人都不相信;穆斯林郄是为主道而奋斗 (Helper to the work of Allah)。见证的方法:确信经典(启示) + 顺从使者(尔撒) è 生命的见证。穆斯林为真主协助尔撒,也是主的仆人。

我们顺从私欲,还是顺从真主?被哪一样制伏,就是哪样的仆人﹗

4:27 真主欲赦宥你们,而顺从私欲者,却欲你们违背真理。

4:27 Allah doth wish to Turn to you, but the wish of those who follow their lusts is that ye should turn away (from Him),- far, far away.

真主想与人亲近,但人的私欲阻隔,还希望其它人也跟主阻隔。

19:59在他们去世之后,有不肖的后裔继承他们,那些后裔废弃拜功,顺从嗜欲,他们将遇迷误的果报。

19:59 But after them there followed a posterity who missed prayers and followed after lusts soon, then, will they face Destruction

他们: 阿丹、努哈、易卜拉欣和易司拉仪;若果圣人的后裔顺从私欲,结果还是灭亡。

私欲的内涵是什么?跟真主旨意相反﹗

16:89 我要在每个民族中,推举他们族中的一个见证,来反证他们,在那日,我要推举你来反证这等人。我曾降示这部经典,阐明万事,并作归顺者的向导、恩惠和喜讯。116:90 真主的确命人公平、行善、施济亲戚,并禁人淫乱、作恶事、霸道;他劝戒你们,以便你们记取教诲。

16:89 One day We shall raise from all Peoples a witness against them, from amongst themselves: and We shall bring thee as a witness against these (thy people): and We have sent down to thee the Book explaining all things, a Guide, a Mercy, and Glad Tidings to Muslims.

16:90 Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that ye may receive admonition.

私欲不一定是很大的事情,可能是心里的骄傲、眼目的情欲、嫉妒、想要发财、说谎话…人的问题:不把私欲当作一回事,埋藏在心里,因此成为易卜劣厮(魔鬼)的把柄(好像是门的手柄一样),动摇我们;这样的人生是在失败、挫折,也为他人带来伤害,绝对不是真主赐给我们出类拔萃的人生。[分享我傲的学习]

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总结:

->           真正的穆斯林是出类拔萃的人,例如圣人易卜拉欣和易司马仪(2:127-128)、优素福(12:101),因为真主是看内在的质素。若果没有成为主眼中的穆斯林,真是枉过一生。

->           服从谁便是谁的仆人;我们面对一个选择,顺服真主,还是自己的私欲?这就是拦阻我们成为穆斯林的原因﹗

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